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Research Repository

Explore published and unpublished research from our faculty, students, and researchers.

Research Entries
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Showing 1–5 of 23 research entries

Faculty Research

Evolution Of Web Application Attacks: A Systematic Analysis Of The Current Threat Landscape And Emerging Security Challenges

Irene I. Eda, Teodoro B. Comayas Jr., Bernie C. Empaces

Iconic Research and Engineering Journals · 2026

Faculty ResearchSDG 9: Industry, Innovation and InfrastructureSDG 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology

The rapid explosion of web application capabilities over the past ten years has fundamentally redesigned how applications are delivered, simultaneously introducing an intricate, multifaceted attack surface that continues to evolve. Standard vectors, long thought to be understood—such as SQL Injection (SQLi), Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)—still exist as potent hazards, yet they are increasingly overshadowed. Emerging cloud-native architectures, serverless delivery mechanisms, microservices, and AI-driven automation introduce entirely new categories of subtle, deeply embedded vulnerabilities. This research evaluates how these threats have metastasized and traces the origins of modern security vectors to determine if established defensive protocols remain effective against increasingly complex modern exploitation tactics. We conducted a strict Systematic Literature Review (SLR) structured by PRISMA 2020 guidelines, filtering an extensive initial pool of 885 records down to 62 core sources published between 2015 and 2026. This foundational dataset synthesizes observations from 44 peer-reviewed empirical studies alongside analysis from 18 key cybersecurity frameworks and official threat intelligence reports, incorporating guidance from standards bodies including OWASP, NIST, and ISO/IEC. The synthesized evidence reveals a definitive and strategic maturation in adversarial approach: threat actors are abandoning isolated, single-vulnerability exploits. They are instead executing prolonged, multi-stage campaigns that specifically leverage the trust relationships found in interconnected software ecosystems. While SQLi, XSS, and authentication weaknesses remain critical and frequent (identified within our 12 primary attack categories), a steep rise in complex, multi-stage exploit chains, AI-assisted reconnaissance, API breaches, and software supply chain compromises represents the new operational normal for adversaries. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that traditional defensive frameworks like secure development lifecycles, Zero Trust Architecture, DevSecOps, and Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) are no longer sufficient in isolation. Their mitigation capacity works only when supported by continuous, real-time context-aware monitoring and truly dynamic risk management, establishing an empirical baseline for architecting resilient security posturing that can keep pace with accelerating innovation.

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Student Research

Learning Module Implementation As Tool For Learning Continuity In Times Of Disaster

Kenneth Babatuan, Ckrisjane T. Quijardo, Arcel Mae M. Barong, Carlo E. Emra, Gian Carlo P. Bundal, Vincent Lorenz L. Fuentes

Student Research · 2026

Student ResearchThesisSDG 4: Quality Education

Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Science

The study explored the implementation of modules by science teachers in Cordova District Schools during S.Y 2025-2026, during the suspension of face-to-face classes caused by the disaster. The study sought to determine the strategies and level of implementation to determine whether the teacher really administered the module and module was really a tool in learning continuity during the class disruption. The study employed a descriptive approach, using both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The findings revealed that a high mean indicated that teachers administered the modules and optimized their efforts to deliver them to learners. However, during implementation, issues and concerns arose regarding the following: insufficient resources, difficulty in monitoring student progress, and students' struggles to understand and complete lessons independently. In conclusion, despite these challenges teachers demonstrated adaptability by applying effective coping mechanisms to sustain learning. The findings recommended that modular distance learning was not an effective approach for maintaining learning continuity, due to students' attitudes and interest in self-directed learning. There was a need to strengthen support systems for students and to improve instructional materials, such as engaging tasks built into ICT resources, to capture students' interest and motivation fully.

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Student Research

Needs Analysis Of Beginning Science Teachers In Selected Very Large Secondary Schools In Lapu-Lapu City

John Bert T. Inoc, Jazzy Mae I. Ramirez, Emmanuelle Vhan D. Quiñahan, Jovelyn E. Tajanlangit, Nicole Dinah A. Tirol

Student Research · 2026

Student ResearchThesisSDG 3: Good Health and Well-BeingSDG 4: Quality Education

Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Science

This study focused on the professional and instructional needs of beginning science teachers in selected very large secondary schools in Lapu-Lapu City. It aimed to identify the demographic profile, instructional needs, personal and professional support needs, coping strategies, and proposed recommendations for beginning science teachers. The study used a descriptive research method with survey questionnaires administered to Teacher I science teachers with zero to three years of teaching experience. The findings revealed that most respondents were young female teachers with limited teaching experience who demonstrated very high needs in lesson planning, teaching strategies, laboratory resource utilization, mentoring, and classroom management. The results also showed that beginning science teachers experienced challenges related to workload, stress management, and balancing professional and personal responsibilities, emphasizing the importance of institutional support and continuous professional development. The study concluded that beginning science teachers require strong mentoring programs, adequate instructional resources, and sustained professional support to improve teaching effectiveness and well-being. It is recommended that schools and policymakers strengthen mentoring systems, provide continuous training opportunities, and enhance support programs for beginning science teachers.

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Student Research

School Academic Initiatives In Strengthening The Implementation Of Special Science Classes

Notche Mae P. Aying, Vanissa B. Canales, Stephanie T. Sitoy, Mariel Aleli N. Teofilo, Jemarie P. Vilando

Student Research · 2026

Student ResearchThesisSDG 4: Quality Education

Bachelor of Elementary Education

Cordova Public College ayingnotchemae.cte.cpc@gmail.com The Special Science Class (SSC) is a program that provides learners with enriched and advanced science education aimed at developing critical thinking, research skills, and scientific understanding through inquiry-based and specialized learning activities.This study used a qualitative case study approach to examine the implementation of the Special Science Class during School Year 2025–2026. The researchers involved sixteen (16) teachers from Bankal Elementary School, Basak Elementary School, Mactan Elementary School, and Marigondon Elementary School who handle Special Science Classes as key informants. Data were gathered through interviews and analyzed to identify teachers’ experiences, academic initiatives, challenges, and coping strategies The findings revealed that teachers enhance instruction through professional development, curriculum enrichment, research activities, and collaboration, which improve teaching effectiveness and student engagement. However, challenges such as limited laboratory facilities, insufficient instructional materials, and the need for continuous training were also identified. To address these, teachers practice collaboration, resourcefulness, and adaptive teaching strategies.The study concludes that strong school support, adequate resources, and continuous teacher training are essential to strengthen SSC implementation and improve science teaching and learning outcomes.

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Student Research

Secondary Science Teachers’ Initiative And Instructional Strategies Under Revised K-10 Matatag Curriculum

Virna Gel B. Baculao, Nikka P. Camingao, Kate S. Laspoña, Joylene A. Libetario, Hanna Lie C. Mercado, Pinkie H. Monleon

Student Research · 2026

Student ResearchThesisSDG 3: Good Health and Well-BeingSDG 4: Quality EducationSDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Science

This study examined how Grade 7 and 8 teachers in five national high schools in Lapu-Lapu City perceived the Revised K-10 Science Curriculum. Using both quantitative and qualitative methods, the research assessed teachers’ views and actions, the challenges they face, and how they cope with them. Data were analyzed using weighted means and standard deviations, and a thematic analysis. The findings show that most teachers have a positive view of the curriculum, especially its role in encouraging critical thinking and student engagement. Teachers highlighted strategies such as the 5A Model, adjusting instruction based on data, and using different approaches for different students. However, they also reported challenges, including curriculum misalignment, limited time, lack of specialized training, gaps in student readiness, and insufficient resources and infrastructure. To tackle these challenges, teachers used their time wisely, made effective use of resources, adjusted materials to their students' needs, worked together to improve their skills, planned and reviewed lessons to support students, and paid attention to their own growth and well- being. Overall, the Revised K-10 MATATAG framework helps make science education more efficient, but some systemic issues remain. The study suggests that curriculum designers should provide more focused, subject-specific training to help teachers create learner-centered classrooms.

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